British and Qing Invasions of the Tibetan State: Diplomatic Accounts, 1886–1950s, Section 2 in DTHS

British and Qing military invasions, forced treaties, and the making of Western Tibetology: The 13th Dalai Lama’s 1913 proclamation asserting Tibet’s independence, the marginalisation of Tibetan political agency in imperial diplomatic accounts, and the boundary-making projects that subordinated Sikkim and brought Tawang within the McMahon Line despite continuing Tibetan administration.